As the PSC escalates its tactics in the fight for a fair contract, members have shown interest in contract battles waged by other education unions, understanding that laws and circumstances differ in each state. Here is an organizer’s account of the Chicago Teachers Union strike.
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The seven-day Chicago Teachers Union (CTU) strike in September 2012 didn’t just beat back a mayor bent on imposing some very bad “education reforms.” It also led to the development of a deep new layer of union member leaders and won broad public support. One poll showed 66 percent of parents sided with us.
Our win was possible because of several years of patient organizing, focused on getting members to step up.
The work began with the election of a new leadership team from a reform caucus in June 2010. Many in the caucus were waging battles going back to 2001 against the school closings that were targeting African American and Latino neighborhoods.
We knew we had to build up the union to be ready to strike, if necessary, to defend our contract and our students. But the vast majority of our members had not experienced any of the nine strikes that had taken place between 1967 and 1987. Leaders were committed to building a member-driven union to battle alongside parents and students, making our contract campaign one front in a bigger fight to save public education.
To get the members into fighting shape, our first step was to start an organizing department, mostly made up of teachers and paraprofessionals who came off the job to work for the union, with each organizer responsible for 100 schools in regional clusters.
We held training sessions for delegates (the elected reps in each of more than 600 schools) and other activists, with workshops on contract enforcement, fighting school closings and charter proliferation, ways to fight for funding, how to use research and engaging parents. Dozens of rank-and-filers spent summers being trained and working in the community in an organizing internship program.
Leaders in Every School
Staff organizers worked to develop leaders in every school. They came to know all their delegates: who had a lousy principal, who rarely ran union meetings, who had their building sold. Organizers ran school meetings to listen to members and activate them, not to “serve” them.
Members knew the threats were real: thousands of layoffs, funding cuts and anti- union teacher-bashing in the press had made that clear. Organizers’ goals were to educate members about where these attacks were coming from and to convince them that winning was possible if large numbers of us were in motion in the schools, streets and communities.
Between October 2011 and February 2012, the Board of Education voted to close or “turn around” 17 schools, provoking huge fights that engaged many members and parents. Members showed up for regional union meetings, rallies, forums, calls and visits to aldermen and legislators, phone banks, Board of Education meetings and budget hearings. They boarded buses to the state capital, and testified at hearings on school closings.
The tactics of our coalition were confrontational, escalating throughout the effort. We disrupted and took over a board meeting, parents and community activists occupied a school and community organizations led a vigil outside the mayor’s home. These actions built members’ confidence in the types of tactics we would use during the strike, and provided visible examples of joint union-community action.
In every action, we stressed the big picture – that our fight was about a better school day and getting resources into neighborhood schools rather than seeing them siphoned off by charter schools. We made it clear that the union was not alone, but part of a broad coalition. We called the board’s policies racist and pointed out that, in black and Latino communities, students, teachers and schools were set up to fail, paving the way for closings and privatized charters.
Contract Campaign
Action Committees. A year before our contract expired, we created contract action committees in each building. Each committee member was responsible for communicating face-to-face with some 10 employees, including teachers and paraprofessionals, as well as engineers, security staff and lunchroom workers in other unions.
The message was always for members to build their own local activities and reach out to parents and the community, particularly through local school council meetings.
The committees circulated an open letter for parents and teachers to sign. The letter said that if we were going to have a longer school day, it must be a better school day, with a rich curriculum, more social workers and counselors, and high-quality facilities.
This letter helped committee members develop their organizing skills by talking to every CTU member in their building, and it built their confidence for engaging with parent leaders.
Regional Meetings. We held after-school regional meetings, open to all, at multiple locations around the city. Whenever a big issue came up, such as the anti-union “Performance Counts” legislation in late 2011, we emailed members to come listen and say what they thought. We also held regional meetings specifically for the often-neglected paraprofessionals.
Phone-banking. At the start of the year, we set up phone-bank sessions to reach out to members who were new, those who were the lowest paid and the least protected. Members trained by the organizing department (sometimes volunteering and other times paid) described what the board was doing, heard members’ thoughts and projected a vision of how we could win.
In these calls members were asked to do something – such as come out to our big rally, attend a training, get involved in their school’s contract committee or fill buses to the state capital. We tracked how willing they were to vote for a strike.
Bargaining Team. We convened a big bargaining team – 30 members drawn from all sectors, seniority ranges, job categories and caucuses. This happened right after we took office because we had to bargain over the layoffs of 1,500 members. We brought in the best leaders from other caucuses, which worked well to create buy-in and cooperation.
Special Report. Our research department produced The Schools Chicago’s Children Deserve, a 45-page report with graphs, charts, photos and data that projected a vision in which every child, regardless of her parents’ income or zip code, would get a world-class education.
This report was pivotal in building support, both within our ranks and among parents. We circulated it everywhere, among parents and politicians, education experts and the press. It called the Chicago system “educational apartheid.”
That crucial phrase, regularly used by union leaders, helped show that the union was on the side of black and Latino children and was willing to be direct about it. Jesse Jackson picked it up. The report made it clear to anyone what CTU was fighting for, and backed it up with research showing what children need. We also distilled the report into a 10-point one-pager in English and Spanish and took it to every meeting.
Strike Vote.In 2011 the Illinois legislature passed a law stating that the CTU would need the votes of 75 percent of all members (not just of those voting) to call a strike. To beat that threshold, we couldn’t go into the vote cold.
Practice Vote. We wanted to vote before the school year was over, while the issues were hot and members were having daily conversations with one another. We took a dry run on May 10, 2012. Members at their schools took a four-question poll with questions that would elicit a yes (“Do the Board’s bargaining proposals disrespect CTU members?”).
This practice vote allowed us to test our machinery and signal to members that a strike vote was coming. Rank-and-file leaders had to drive turnout on a scale they had not experienced before.
Ninety-eight percent rejected the board’s proposals, with 90 percent – 21,000 of 26,000 members – participating, showing that the contract campaign had worked.
Even before this, when organizers went out to schools for meetings, we would ask for a show of hands on “How many would vote for a strike?” And spontaneous “mock” strike votes were bubbling up from the membership, simply because they were so angry at the board. We would get calls from delegates: “My staff met yesterday and we voted 98 percent to strike.”
Rally. On May 23, 2012, three weeks before school would end for the semester, after many phone calls, emails and school meetings, 7,000 members wearing their red CTU T-shirts swarmed downtown to a march and rally.
Our signs read, “Yes to Respect,” “Yes to Smaller Classes” and “Yes to Student Needs.” The huge turnout bolstered the rising mood of exhilaration and power.
Teachers sang along to Dolly Parton’s “9 to 5” and Aretha Franklin’s “Respect.”
Two parents and a high school student gave stirring speeches.
When CTU President Karen Lewis, a veteran science teacher, spoke, a chant went up: “Strike! Strike! Strike!” – led by members, not the officers.
The march merged us with Stand Up Chicago, a union-sponsored group that stages militant actions against millionaires and bankers. Thousands of Stand Up protesters and the downtown public greeted CTU members with cheers and support, helping win over those who had been fearful of public reaction if we were to strike. “I’ve never been so proud of being in the union,” people said afterwards.
Strike Vote. The tremendous energy of the rally propelled us to the strike authorization vote, with a delegate in charge at each school and a secret ballot. A worker center ally recruited clergy to observe the vote count in anticipation of Board of Ed accusations of fraud.
After two years of preparation, 90 percent of teachers – and 98 percent of those voting – voted to authorize a strike.
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Norine Gutekanst is a former third-grade bilingual teacher who now heads CTU’s Organizing Department. A version of this article appeared in the November 2012 issue (#404) of Labor Notes.
